FacebookTwitterThe Crucible the Salem Witch Trials Influenced the It is likely that he, too, was buried in the Bradstreet tomb. [137] These committees, on which Vane had also sat in the 1640s, were responsible for the distribution of assets seized from royalists and other government opponents, and for negotiating with those who had failed to pay taxes and other government charges. [108] Vane withheld the return of treasury fees beginning in 1645 for two and half years until the same 16,000 suffered at Raby accumulated. ", "The United States Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service", "UMass Chan Medical School partners with Studio Theatre Worcester for 'Next To Normal', "New England Revolution ownership committed to Boston-area home: "We want to build the stadium", "College Basketball TeamsDivision I Teams", "Cornell Rowing Excels at Eastern Sprints", Professional Golfers' Association of America, "Cannons Lacrosse Club fall to Redwoods in Premier League Lacrosse debut at Gillette Stadium The Boston Globe", "Ranking the Top 50 Athletes from Massachusetts", The New England Town Meeting: Democracy in Action, Massachusetts Office of Travel and Tourism, Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, Office of Housing and Economic Development, Office of Labor and Workforce Development, cities with populations exceeding 100,000, Longfellow HouseWashington's Headquarters, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&oldid=1120657312, States and territories established in 1788, States of the East Coast of the United States, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2020, Articles with failed verification from September 2019, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2019, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Long Island is located in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts.The island is part of the City of Boston, and of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area.The island is 1.75 miles (2.82 km) long and covers 225 acres (0.9 km 2).. [76][77] Not long after its first meeting in July, Vane was sent at the head of a Parliamentary commission seeking military assistance from the Scots. The Old Burying Point Cemetery is on Charter Street, behind the Peabody Essex Museum, and next to the Witch Trials Memorial. [160] Other marine species include Harbor seals, the endangered North Atlantic right whales, as well as humpback whales, fin whales, minke whales, and Atlantic white-sided dolphins. Peter Hobbs, Actor: The Man with Two Brains. S.1577 [128] To replace the executive functions of the crown, it established a Council of State to which Vane was appointed. The Salem witch trials occurred in colonial Massachusetts between early 1692 and mid-1693. [359], Massachusetts has contributed to American arts and culture. Salem would become one of the most significant seaports trading commodities in early American history.. Today Salem is a residential and tourist area that is home to the House [106] It is uncertain whether these represent two different wives, or a single wife whose name was Elizabeth (Cogan) Gibson. [50] In 1786, Shays' Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. Salem witch trials Endecott, as a consolation, was given command of the colonial militia, reporting to the governor. [419] Massachusetts General was founded in 1811 and serves as the largest teaching hospital for nearby Harvard University. [273] In 2018, renewable energy was about 7.2 percent of total energy consumed in the state, ranking 34th. List of cities and counties in Virginia [10][11], The Wessagusset Colony (sometimes called the Weston Colony or Weymouth Colony) was a short-lived trading colony located in Weymouth, Massachusetts. Salem In 1688, it was further extended to include New York and East and West Jersey. [119] Ralph Waldo Emerson, who was born in Boston but spent much of his later life in Concord, largely created the philosophy with his 1836 work Nature, and continued to be a key figure in the movement for the remainder of his life. [111], In 1647 Vane and Oliver Cromwell, the leader of the army's Independents, came to work closely together. "[16] Vane then enrolled at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, where he studied in spite of his refusal to take the necessary matriculation oaths. Endecott pointed out that he should have let the French fight amongst themselves without English involvement, as this would weaken them both. [49], Endecott was elected deputy governor in 1641[50] and in this role was one of the signatories to the Massachusetts Body of Liberties, which enumerated a number of individual rights available to all colonists, and presaged the United States Bill of Rights. The gravestone of Giles Corey's second wife, Mary (Britz), who died in 1684, eight years before the witch trials. [295], Other ferry connections in the state include a line between Fall River and Block Island via Newport,[296] seasonal ferry service connecting Plymouth to Provincetown,[297] and a service between New Bedford and Cuttyhunk. The grave of witchcraft trials judge, John Hathorne. [149] He was encouraged to publish it by Charles Fleetwood,[150] who had shown it to Cromwell. From June through September of 1692, nineteen men and women, all having been convicted of witchcraft, were carted to Gallows Hill, a barren slope near Salem Village, for hanging. [155][156] While there he addressed a letter to Cromwell in which he repudiated the extra-parliamentary authority Cromwell had assumed. [132] As a leading member of the committee overseeing the navy (where he was joined by schoolmate Thomas Scot), he directed affairs in the naval First Anglo-Dutch War (16521654). 290 Acts, 1929. Vane decided to return to England. |?-> &Ze q- , r Eq4$ OOSIT R uxH O W ]lta a" gI e O Y 9&` `(} U?" [307] Interstate90 (I-90, also known as the Massachusetts Turnpike), is the longest interstate in Massachusetts. [127], After the execution of Charles, the House of Commons voted to abolish both the crown and the House of Lords. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has a total of 191 National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) within its borders. |?-> &Ze q- , r Eq4$ OOSIT R uxH O W ]lta a" gI e O Y 9&` `(} U?" [31] Endecott was censured for the rashness of his action (and not for the act itself), and deprived of holding any offices for one year; 1635 was the only year in which he held no office. [90][91], In 1641, Massachusetts expanded inland significantly. [138], The process by which the Parliament carried out the duties of the executive was cumbersome, and this became an issue with Cromwell and the army, who sought the ability to act more decisively. [330], In U.S. presidential elections since 2012, Massachusetts has been allotted 11 votes in the electoral college, out of a total of 538. [114], In 1831, the brig Governor Endicott, of Salem, H. H. Jenks, master, was engaged in the pepper trade on the coast of Sumatra when she had occasion to help free Friendship, also of Salem, Charles Endicott, master, from Malay pirates. The bounds of either sword to thee we owe: Therefore on thy firm hand Religion leans In peace, and reckons thee her eldest son. The governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the chief executive officer of the government of Massachusetts. Salem, Massachusetts is infamous even today for being the location of the most publicized witch hunts in America. A Salem native and physician by profession, Gedney was the third Salem Town magistrate, and was often in the company of Hathorne and Jonathan Corwin. I-495 forms a wide loop around the outer edge of Greater Boston. The mission of the Salem Witch Museum is to be the voice to the innocent victims of witch-hunts, from 1692 to the present day. [263] In the 1970s, the Commonwealth ranked as a relatively high-tax state, gaining the pejorative nickname "Taxachusetts". [72][73] Massachusett has also been represented as Moswetuset. [117], The king's proposal split the Independents between those, such as Vane and Cromwell, who were willing to negotiate with the king, and those who were not. IN 1692 THE Massachusetts Bay Colony executed fourteen women, five men, and two dogs for witchcraft. [74], After the failure of the Root and Branch Bill, Parliament in 1643 called together the Westminster Assembly of Divines, a body of lay politicians, lords, and clergy whose purpose was to reform church governance. Jews currently make up 3% of the population. [95] The talks, which lasted from late January through most of February 1645, were overshadowed by the execution after impeachment by attainder of Archbishop Laud. The BSE, nearly 100 years old at the time, had helped raise the capital that had funded many of the Commonwealth's factories, railroads, and businesses. [89] This exposed Vane's opposition to Presbyterianism, and created a rift between the pro-war Independents, led by Vane and Cromwell, and the pro-peace Scots and other supporters of Presbyterianism. [36] He was then to go to the Pequots on the mainland, where he was to make three demands: first, that the killers of Oldham and the other trader be surrendered; second, that a payment of one thousand fathoms of wampum be made; and third, that some Pequot children be delivered to serve as hostages. If Roger Williams deserves all the praise and admiration from posterity which he now has, and which are sure to increase in all future time, Sir Henry Vane certainly deserves no less. There shall be a supreme executive magistrate, who shall be styled, The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; and whose title shall be His Excellency. Peter Hobbs was born on January 18, 1918 in Etretat, France. Massachusetts was the first state to recruit, train, and arm a Black regiment with White officers, the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment. In order to ease tensions with royal authorities and the colonists the General Court was reestablished and given significant powers. His writing A Healing Question advocated for a constitutional convention pre-dating the American Constitutional Convention by over a century. The 1692 Salem witch trials are a big blot on American history. List of National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts, Brookline Reservoir of the Cochituate Aqueduct, Crane and Company Old Stone Mill Rag Room, H. H. Richardson Historic District of North Easton, Nathan and Mary (Polly) Johnson properties, Lowell Locks and Canals Historic District, United First Parish Church (Unitarian) Of Quincy, Vicinity of Herbert Cross Road, Middlefield/Becket Line (Bridges and Roadbed); 10 Prospect Street (Depot), Western Railroad Stone Arch Bridges and Chester Factory Village Depot, Numbers represent an alphabetical ordering by significant words. This open letter was essentially a response to James Harrington's The Commonwealth of Oceana, a 1656 treatise describing Harrington's view of a utopian government, which included limitations on property ownership and a legislature with an elected upper chamber. Thirty people were found guilty, 19 of whom were executed by hanging (14 women and five men). The mission of the Salem Witch Museum is to be the voice to the innocent victims of witch-hunts, from 1692 to the present day. Cambridge is the city with the most NHLs outside Boston (at 19), and Middlesex County is home to 43 NHLs (again outside the 58 from Boston, which comprise all but two of the NHLs in Suffolk County). He was the 20 th (from 1679-1686) and 21 st (from 1689-1692) Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, succeeded by William Phips in May of 1692, who became the Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay under the new charter. Prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state, including the Adams and Kennedy families. The Dominion of New England combined these and other New England colonies into a single unit in 1686, but collapsed in 1689. [173] The Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources also offers low-interest, fixed-rate financing with loan support for low-income residents. [166] This is almost twice as much as the average for the contiguous United States. The governor acted in a vice-regal manner, overseeing the governance and functioning of the colony. Additionally, rising temperatures will increase the number of reported Lyme disease cases in the state. [7] Between 1620 and 1680, it was ruled by a governor who appointed a temporary replacement if he left the colony. [293] Similarly, several different lines connect Nantucket to ports including Hyannis, New Bedford, Harwich, and New York City. He was effectively powerless beyond Boston, and was recalled after the June 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill. Legal Legacy of the Salem Witch Trials. Democratic core concentrations are everywhere, except for a handful of Republican leaning towns in the Central and Southern parts of the state. [364][365][366] Famous painters from Massachusetts include Winslow Homer and Norman Rockwell;[366] many of the latter's works are on display at the Norman Rockwell Museum in Stockbridge. This reflected the political reality at the time of the 2000 Census. [143] This latter clause was proposed specifically at the urging of the army by Vane, who realised that those who were charged with its implementation would be able to retain power. [355] Most of the county governments were abolished by the state of Massachusetts beginning in 1997 including Middlesex County,[356] the largest county in the state by population. In recent years tourism has played an ever-important role in the state's economy, with Boston and Cape Cod being the leading destinations. In 1692 the Province of Massachusetts Bay was established, merging Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay, The Dominion of New England combined these and other New England colonies into a single unit in 1686, but collapsed in 1689. In her letter, Theoharides stresses that as of 2020, the Commonwealth has experienced property damage attributable to climate change of more than $60 billion. [257] Greenhouse, floriculture, and sod products including the ornamental market make up more than one third of the state's agricultural output. [30] In 1691, King William III merged the colonies of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay along with the territory of Maine, the islands south of Cape Cod (including Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, and the Elizabeth Islands), and Nova Scotia (which included New Brunswick) to form the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The early governors of Massachusetts Bay were staunchly Puritan colonists who wished to form a state that coincided with religious law. James Kendall Hosmer, editing Winthrop's Journal in 1908, wrote of Vane: his heroic life and death, his services to Anglo-Saxon freedom, which make him a significant figure even to the present moment, may well be regarded as the most illustrious character who touches early New England history. Website designed and developed by Sperling Interactive. [186] In order to minimise acts of reprisal and vengeance for acts taken during the Interregnum, the parliament passed the Indemnity and Oblivion Act, under whose terms most actions were forgiven. Vane's reforms were instrumental in the navy's successes later in the war. In the tumult, Vane appeared at times to be in opposition to some of the Independent factions, even having a falling out (quickly healed) with Cromwell, and many factions came to distrust him. [362], Massachusetts was an early center of the Transcendentalist movement, which emphasized intuition, emotion, human individuality and a deeper connection with nature. [61] The threat of Indian conflicts in neighbouring colonies prompted the colony to raise its defensive profile, in which Endecott played a leading role. [91], In July 1660 word arrived in Boston that Charles II had been restored to the English throne. [354] Other cities with a population over 100,000 include Worcester, Springfield, Lowell, and Cambridge. Opens and two Ryder Cups. Note: Municipalities not listed have a town meeting form of government (see, Other British colonial entities in the contemporary, Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States, This page was last edited on 8 November 2022, at 04:04. The fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, the five inhabited U.S. territories, and the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands have taken their names from a wide variety of languages. ", In his final days Vane had made his peace with God, and had also carefully prepared the speech he intended to make at the execution. )[87], Endecott's role in the treatment of the Quakers was immortalized by John Greenleaf Whittier in his poem "The Ballad of Cassandra Southwick," named for another Quaker who suffered persecution along with husband Lawrence and at least three of her six children, daughter Provided and sons Daniel and Josiah, while Endecott was governor. [172] Certain municipalities will offer up to $1.20 per watt, up to 50 percent of the system's cost on PV arrays 25kW or less. Massachusetts 121122, John Milton. [10], Endecott was chosen to lead the first expedition, and sailed for the New World aboard the Abigail with fifty or so "planters and servants" on 20 June 1628. In 1918 this was changed to a two-year term, and since 1966 the office of governor has carried a four-year term. Most recently, Jane Swift became acting governor upon the resignation of Paul Cellucci. Places and institutions are named for him, and (like many early colonists) he has several notable descendants. In that year, the company elected Matthew Cradock as its governor and received a grant from the Plymouth Council for New England for land roughly between the Charles and Merrimack Rivers. [247] Boston-Logan International Airport is the busiest airport in New England, serving 33.4million total passengers in 2015, and witnessing rapid growth in international air traffic since 2010. Salem witch trials [217] Charles Dickens included the exchange between Vane and Cromwell at the end of the Rump Parliament in his A Child's History of England, part-published in the early 1850s. [270], The state imposes a 6.25% sales tax[268] on retail sales of tangible personal propertyexcept for groceries, clothing (up to $175.00), and periodicals. [346] Voters in Massachusetts also approved a ballot measure in 2012 that legalized the medical use of marijuana. This comes from the name of the Moswetuset Hummock (meaning "hill shaped like an arrowhead") in Quincy, where Plymouth Colony commander Myles Standish (a hired English military officer) and Squanto (a member of the Patuxet band of the Wamponoag people, who have since died off due to contagious disease brought by colonizers) met Chief Chickatawbut in 1621. [14], The Constitution does not use the term "acting governor," but the practice in Massachusetts has been that the lieutenant governor retains his or her position and title as "lieutenant governor" and becomes acting governor, not governor. Fifteen other regional transit authorities provide public transportation in the form of bus services in the rest of the state. [22], In the early 1630s the religious conflict between the Nonconformists and the Separatists was the primary source of political disagreement in the colony, and it was embodied by the churches established in Boston and Salem. [97], The most destructive earthquake yet known in New England occurred in 1755, causing considerable damage across Massachusetts. The fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, the five inhabited U.S. territories, and the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands have taken their names from a wide variety of languages. [68], The colony's boundaries expanded somewhat during Endecott's tenure, mainly in the 1650s. The state's capital and most populous city, as well as its cultural and financial center, is Boston. He maintained that God and Parliament were superior to the King.". A period of less than a year caused such turmoil that Salem, Massachusetts, is still widely known for the trials. %0A%0ALombardo's Restaurant Lancaster, Pa, Draw It Yourself Gacha Game, How To Check Response Header In Chrome, Xtratuf Ankle Deck Boot Gray 12 / M, Crown School Academic Calendar, What Are Bangers Made From, Keysight 34461a Manual, Product Design Essentials, What Makes A Woman Irresistible To A Man, Cloudformation Nested Stack Example Yaml, Simple Suspension Bridge Experiment Report, Mammal Classification, " icon_color="#bebdbd" box_color="#e8e8e8" last href="http://casite-622321.cloudaccess.net/y6vuwg/focusrite-midi-interface" target="_blank" data-placement="top" data-title="Tumblr" data-toggle="tooltip" title="Tumblr">TumblrThe Crucible the Salem Witch Trials Influenced the It is likely that he, too, was buried in the Bradstreet tomb. [137] These committees, on which Vane had also sat in the 1640s, were responsible for the distribution of assets seized from royalists and other government opponents, and for negotiating with those who had failed to pay taxes and other government charges. [108] Vane withheld the return of treasury fees beginning in 1645 for two and half years until the same 16,000 suffered at Raby accumulated. 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Long Island is located in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts.The island is part of the City of Boston, and of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area.The island is 1.75 miles (2.82 km) long and covers 225 acres (0.9 km 2).. [76][77] Not long after its first meeting in July, Vane was sent at the head of a Parliamentary commission seeking military assistance from the Scots. The Old Burying Point Cemetery is on Charter Street, behind the Peabody Essex Museum, and next to the Witch Trials Memorial. [160] Other marine species include Harbor seals, the endangered North Atlantic right whales, as well as humpback whales, fin whales, minke whales, and Atlantic white-sided dolphins. Peter Hobbs, Actor: The Man with Two Brains. S.1577 [128] To replace the executive functions of the crown, it established a Council of State to which Vane was appointed. The Salem witch trials occurred in colonial Massachusetts between early 1692 and mid-1693. [359], Massachusetts has contributed to American arts and culture. Salem would become one of the most significant seaports trading commodities in early American history.. Today Salem is a residential and tourist area that is home to the House [106] It is uncertain whether these represent two different wives, or a single wife whose name was Elizabeth (Cogan) Gibson. [50] In 1786, Shays' Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. Salem witch trials Endecott, as a consolation, was given command of the colonial militia, reporting to the governor. [419] Massachusetts General was founded in 1811 and serves as the largest teaching hospital for nearby Harvard University. [273] In 2018, renewable energy was about 7.2 percent of total energy consumed in the state, ranking 34th. List of cities and counties in Virginia [10][11], The Wessagusset Colony (sometimes called the Weston Colony or Weymouth Colony) was a short-lived trading colony located in Weymouth, Massachusetts. Salem In 1688, it was further extended to include New York and East and West Jersey. [119] Ralph Waldo Emerson, who was born in Boston but spent much of his later life in Concord, largely created the philosophy with his 1836 work Nature, and continued to be a key figure in the movement for the remainder of his life. [111], In 1647 Vane and Oliver Cromwell, the leader of the army's Independents, came to work closely together. "[16] Vane then enrolled at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, where he studied in spite of his refusal to take the necessary matriculation oaths. Endecott pointed out that he should have let the French fight amongst themselves without English involvement, as this would weaken them both. [49], Endecott was elected deputy governor in 1641[50] and in this role was one of the signatories to the Massachusetts Body of Liberties, which enumerated a number of individual rights available to all colonists, and presaged the United States Bill of Rights. The gravestone of Giles Corey's second wife, Mary (Britz), who died in 1684, eight years before the witch trials. [295], Other ferry connections in the state include a line between Fall River and Block Island via Newport,[296] seasonal ferry service connecting Plymouth to Provincetown,[297] and a service between New Bedford and Cuttyhunk. The grave of witchcraft trials judge, John Hathorne. [149] He was encouraged to publish it by Charles Fleetwood,[150] who had shown it to Cromwell. From June through September of 1692, nineteen men and women, all having been convicted of witchcraft, were carted to Gallows Hill, a barren slope near Salem Village, for hanging. [155][156] While there he addressed a letter to Cromwell in which he repudiated the extra-parliamentary authority Cromwell had assumed. [132] As a leading member of the committee overseeing the navy (where he was joined by schoolmate Thomas Scot), he directed affairs in the naval First Anglo-Dutch War (16521654). 290 Acts, 1929. Vane decided to return to England. |?-> &Ze q- , r Eq4$ OOSIT R uxH O W ]lta a" gI e O Y 9&` `(} U?" [307] Interstate90 (I-90, also known as the Massachusetts Turnpike), is the longest interstate in Massachusetts. [127], After the execution of Charles, the House of Commons voted to abolish both the crown and the House of Lords. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has a total of 191 National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) within its borders. |?-> &Ze q- , r Eq4$ OOSIT R uxH O W ]lta a" gI e O Y 9&` `(} U?" [31] Endecott was censured for the rashness of his action (and not for the act itself), and deprived of holding any offices for one year; 1635 was the only year in which he held no office. [90][91], In 1641, Massachusetts expanded inland significantly. [138], The process by which the Parliament carried out the duties of the executive was cumbersome, and this became an issue with Cromwell and the army, who sought the ability to act more decisively. [330], In U.S. presidential elections since 2012, Massachusetts has been allotted 11 votes in the electoral college, out of a total of 538. [114], In 1831, the brig Governor Endicott, of Salem, H. H. Jenks, master, was engaged in the pepper trade on the coast of Sumatra when she had occasion to help free Friendship, also of Salem, Charles Endicott, master, from Malay pirates. The bounds of either sword to thee we owe: Therefore on thy firm hand Religion leans In peace, and reckons thee her eldest son. The governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the chief executive officer of the government of Massachusetts. Salem, Massachusetts is infamous even today for being the location of the most publicized witch hunts in America. A Salem native and physician by profession, Gedney was the third Salem Town magistrate, and was often in the company of Hathorne and Jonathan Corwin. I-495 forms a wide loop around the outer edge of Greater Boston. The mission of the Salem Witch Museum is to be the voice to the innocent victims of witch-hunts, from 1692 to the present day. [263] In the 1970s, the Commonwealth ranked as a relatively high-tax state, gaining the pejorative nickname "Taxachusetts". [72][73] Massachusett has also been represented as Moswetuset. [117], The king's proposal split the Independents between those, such as Vane and Cromwell, who were willing to negotiate with the king, and those who were not. IN 1692 THE Massachusetts Bay Colony executed fourteen women, five men, and two dogs for witchcraft. [74], After the failure of the Root and Branch Bill, Parliament in 1643 called together the Westminster Assembly of Divines, a body of lay politicians, lords, and clergy whose purpose was to reform church governance. Jews currently make up 3% of the population. [95] The talks, which lasted from late January through most of February 1645, were overshadowed by the execution after impeachment by attainder of Archbishop Laud. The BSE, nearly 100 years old at the time, had helped raise the capital that had funded many of the Commonwealth's factories, railroads, and businesses. [89] This exposed Vane's opposition to Presbyterianism, and created a rift between the pro-war Independents, led by Vane and Cromwell, and the pro-peace Scots and other supporters of Presbyterianism. [36] He was then to go to the Pequots on the mainland, where he was to make three demands: first, that the killers of Oldham and the other trader be surrendered; second, that a payment of one thousand fathoms of wampum be made; and third, that some Pequot children be delivered to serve as hostages. If Roger Williams deserves all the praise and admiration from posterity which he now has, and which are sure to increase in all future time, Sir Henry Vane certainly deserves no less. There shall be a supreme executive magistrate, who shall be styled, The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; and whose title shall be His Excellency. Peter Hobbs was born on January 18, 1918 in Etretat, France. Massachusetts was the first state to recruit, train, and arm a Black regiment with White officers, the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment. In order to ease tensions with royal authorities and the colonists the General Court was reestablished and given significant powers. His writing A Healing Question advocated for a constitutional convention pre-dating the American Constitutional Convention by over a century. The 1692 Salem witch trials are a big blot on American history. List of National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts, Brookline Reservoir of the Cochituate Aqueduct, Crane and Company Old Stone Mill Rag Room, H. H. Richardson Historic District of North Easton, Nathan and Mary (Polly) Johnson properties, Lowell Locks and Canals Historic District, United First Parish Church (Unitarian) Of Quincy, Vicinity of Herbert Cross Road, Middlefield/Becket Line (Bridges and Roadbed); 10 Prospect Street (Depot), Western Railroad Stone Arch Bridges and Chester Factory Village Depot, Numbers represent an alphabetical ordering by significant words. This open letter was essentially a response to James Harrington's The Commonwealth of Oceana, a 1656 treatise describing Harrington's view of a utopian government, which included limitations on property ownership and a legislature with an elected upper chamber. Thirty people were found guilty, 19 of whom were executed by hanging (14 women and five men). The mission of the Salem Witch Museum is to be the voice to the innocent victims of witch-hunts, from 1692 to the present day. Cambridge is the city with the most NHLs outside Boston (at 19), and Middlesex County is home to 43 NHLs (again outside the 58 from Boston, which comprise all but two of the NHLs in Suffolk County). He was the 20 th (from 1679-1686) and 21 st (from 1689-1692) Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, succeeded by William Phips in May of 1692, who became the Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay under the new charter. Prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state, including the Adams and Kennedy families. The Dominion of New England combined these and other New England colonies into a single unit in 1686, but collapsed in 1689. [173] The Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources also offers low-interest, fixed-rate financing with loan support for low-income residents. [166] This is almost twice as much as the average for the contiguous United States. The governor acted in a vice-regal manner, overseeing the governance and functioning of the colony. Additionally, rising temperatures will increase the number of reported Lyme disease cases in the state. [7] Between 1620 and 1680, it was ruled by a governor who appointed a temporary replacement if he left the colony. [293] Similarly, several different lines connect Nantucket to ports including Hyannis, New Bedford, Harwich, and New York City. He was effectively powerless beyond Boston, and was recalled after the June 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill. Legal Legacy of the Salem Witch Trials. Democratic core concentrations are everywhere, except for a handful of Republican leaning towns in the Central and Southern parts of the state. [364][365][366] Famous painters from Massachusetts include Winslow Homer and Norman Rockwell;[366] many of the latter's works are on display at the Norman Rockwell Museum in Stockbridge. This reflected the political reality at the time of the 2000 Census. [143] This latter clause was proposed specifically at the urging of the army by Vane, who realised that those who were charged with its implementation would be able to retain power. [355] Most of the county governments were abolished by the state of Massachusetts beginning in 1997 including Middlesex County,[356] the largest county in the state by population. In recent years tourism has played an ever-important role in the state's economy, with Boston and Cape Cod being the leading destinations. In 1692 the Province of Massachusetts Bay was established, merging Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay, The Dominion of New England combined these and other New England colonies into a single unit in 1686, but collapsed in 1689. In her letter, Theoharides stresses that as of 2020, the Commonwealth has experienced property damage attributable to climate change of more than $60 billion. [257] Greenhouse, floriculture, and sod products including the ornamental market make up more than one third of the state's agricultural output. [30] In 1691, King William III merged the colonies of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay along with the territory of Maine, the islands south of Cape Cod (including Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, and the Elizabeth Islands), and Nova Scotia (which included New Brunswick) to form the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The early governors of Massachusetts Bay were staunchly Puritan colonists who wished to form a state that coincided with religious law. James Kendall Hosmer, editing Winthrop's Journal in 1908, wrote of Vane: his heroic life and death, his services to Anglo-Saxon freedom, which make him a significant figure even to the present moment, may well be regarded as the most illustrious character who touches early New England history. Website designed and developed by Sperling Interactive. [186] In order to minimise acts of reprisal and vengeance for acts taken during the Interregnum, the parliament passed the Indemnity and Oblivion Act, under whose terms most actions were forgiven. Vane's reforms were instrumental in the navy's successes later in the war. In the tumult, Vane appeared at times to be in opposition to some of the Independent factions, even having a falling out (quickly healed) with Cromwell, and many factions came to distrust him. [362], Massachusetts was an early center of the Transcendentalist movement, which emphasized intuition, emotion, human individuality and a deeper connection with nature. [61] The threat of Indian conflicts in neighbouring colonies prompted the colony to raise its defensive profile, in which Endecott played a leading role. [91], In July 1660 word arrived in Boston that Charles II had been restored to the English throne. [354] Other cities with a population over 100,000 include Worcester, Springfield, Lowell, and Cambridge. Opens and two Ryder Cups. Note: Municipalities not listed have a town meeting form of government (see, Other British colonial entities in the contemporary, Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States, This page was last edited on 8 November 2022, at 04:04. The fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, the five inhabited U.S. territories, and the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands have taken their names from a wide variety of languages. ", In his final days Vane had made his peace with God, and had also carefully prepared the speech he intended to make at the execution. )[87], Endecott's role in the treatment of the Quakers was immortalized by John Greenleaf Whittier in his poem "The Ballad of Cassandra Southwick," named for another Quaker who suffered persecution along with husband Lawrence and at least three of her six children, daughter Provided and sons Daniel and Josiah, while Endecott was governor. [172] Certain municipalities will offer up to $1.20 per watt, up to 50 percent of the system's cost on PV arrays 25kW or less. Massachusetts 121122, John Milton. [10], Endecott was chosen to lead the first expedition, and sailed for the New World aboard the Abigail with fifty or so "planters and servants" on 20 June 1628. In 1918 this was changed to a two-year term, and since 1966 the office of governor has carried a four-year term. Most recently, Jane Swift became acting governor upon the resignation of Paul Cellucci. Places and institutions are named for him, and (like many early colonists) he has several notable descendants. In that year, the company elected Matthew Cradock as its governor and received a grant from the Plymouth Council for New England for land roughly between the Charles and Merrimack Rivers. [247] Boston-Logan International Airport is the busiest airport in New England, serving 33.4million total passengers in 2015, and witnessing rapid growth in international air traffic since 2010. Salem witch trials [217] Charles Dickens included the exchange between Vane and Cromwell at the end of the Rump Parliament in his A Child's History of England, part-published in the early 1850s. [270], The state imposes a 6.25% sales tax[268] on retail sales of tangible personal propertyexcept for groceries, clothing (up to $175.00), and periodicals. [346] Voters in Massachusetts also approved a ballot measure in 2012 that legalized the medical use of marijuana. This comes from the name of the Moswetuset Hummock (meaning "hill shaped like an arrowhead") in Quincy, where Plymouth Colony commander Myles Standish (a hired English military officer) and Squanto (a member of the Patuxet band of the Wamponoag people, who have since died off due to contagious disease brought by colonizers) met Chief Chickatawbut in 1621. [14], The Constitution does not use the term "acting governor," but the practice in Massachusetts has been that the lieutenant governor retains his or her position and title as "lieutenant governor" and becomes acting governor, not governor. Fifteen other regional transit authorities provide public transportation in the form of bus services in the rest of the state. [22], In the early 1630s the religious conflict between the Nonconformists and the Separatists was the primary source of political disagreement in the colony, and it was embodied by the churches established in Boston and Salem. [97], The most destructive earthquake yet known in New England occurred in 1755, causing considerable damage across Massachusetts. The fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, the five inhabited U.S. territories, and the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands have taken their names from a wide variety of languages. [68], The colony's boundaries expanded somewhat during Endecott's tenure, mainly in the 1650s. The state's capital and most populous city, as well as its cultural and financial center, is Boston. He maintained that God and Parliament were superior to the King.". 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